Buckingham Palace History
A Royal Journey Through Time
From Buckingham House to Royal Palace
Built in 1703 for the Duke of Buckingham, the original Buckingham House was a grand private townhouse. Purchased by George III in 1761 as a family home for Queen Charlotte, it was known as “The Queen’s House” before being dramatically enlarged in the 19th century.
Queen Victoria – The First Monarch
In 1837, Buckingham Palace became the official London residence of the Sovereign when 18-year-old Queen Victoria moved in – the first monarch to live here. The famous central balcony was added for her coronation celebrations and remains the focal point for royal appearances.
John Nash & the Grand Transformation
Architect John Nash transformed the house into a magnificent palace for George IV in the 1820s. The iconic neoclassical East Front with its balcony, the Marble Arch (originally the state entrance) and the sweeping grand staircase were all part of this lavish £700,000 rebuild.
Buckingham House to Buckingham Palace
Since 1837 Buckingham Palace has been the certified London home of Britain’s monarchs and is still running today as their administrative head office. With many receptions being held by The Queen herself in the State Rooms it’s surprising that more than 50,000 people still visit the Palace annually for lunches, receptions and the occasional Royal Garden Party.
Early Beginnings: Buckingham House
The story of Buckingham Palace begins in 1703 when it was originally built as Buckingham House for the Duke of Buckingham. Designed by architect William Winde, it was a large townhouse in the style of the time, intended as a grand private residence. In 1761, King George III purchased the house for his wife, Queen Charlotte, using it as a comfortable family home near St. James's Palace. The house was then known as "The Queen's House."
Transformation into a Palace
In the early 19th century, King George IV decided to transform Buckingham House into a palace. The architect John Nash was commissioned to carry out this ambitious project, which included the addition of a new suite of rooms facing west into the garden. This expansion was part of George IV's vision of a grand royal palace that would rival the finest in Europe. By 1826, Buckingham House had been transformed into Buckingham Palace.
Queen Victoria's Influence
When Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837, Buckingham Palace became the official royal residence. Her move to the palace marked the first time a reigning monarch had lived there. Queen Victoria's marriage to Prince Albert brought further changes to the palace. The couple made several modifications and improvements, including the addition of the iconic East Front, which faces The Mall. This facade, designed by Edward Blore, features the famous balcony from which the royal family greets the public during major events.
20th Century and Modern Day
The 20th century saw Buckingham Palace become a focal point for national celebrations and significant events. During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times but remained a symbol of resilience. The British royal family, including King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, stayed in residence throughout the war, bolstering public morale.
In recent decades, Buckingham Palace has continued to evolve while maintaining its historic grandeur. It remains the administrative headquarters of the monarchy and hosts numerous official events, including state banquets, investitures, and garden parties. The palace also opens its doors to the public during the summer months, allowing visitors to explore the magnificent State Rooms and the expansive gardens.
Nearby Attractions
Windsor Castle
23 Miles away1hr by train
St Pauls Cathedral
2 Miles away40-45 Minute Walk
Houses of Parliament
0.6 Miles away10-12 Minute Walk
Hampton Court Palace
12.8 Miles away35 Minutes - Train
The London Eye
1 Mile away20-25 Minute Walk
Frequently Asked Questions
Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about the fascinating 300+ year history of Buckingham Palace – from its origins as a private house to the London home of the British monarch.
1. Who originally built Buckingham Palace?
Buckingham Palace began life in 1703 as Buckingham House, a large townhouse built for John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham. It was a private residence, not a palace, and remained so for over 60 years.
2. When did it become a royal palace?
George III bought the house in 1761 for Queen Charlotte as a comfortable family home near St James’s Palace. It was known as “The Queen’s House”. It only became the official royal palace of the British monarch in 1837 when Queen Victoria moved in.
3. Who was the first monarch to live at Buckingham Palace?
Queen Victoria was the first sovereign to take up residence in July 1837, just weeks after acceding to the throne. She was also the first to use the famous central balcony, added especially for her coronation celebrations.
4. Who designed the current palace?
The architect John Nash transformed the original house into a grand palace for George IV in the 1820s. Later, Edward Blore (under Queen Victoria) and Aston Webb (1901–1913) added the iconic East Front and famous balcony we see today.
5. Why is there a balcony at Buckingham Palace?
The famous central balcony was added in 1851 as part of Edward Blore’s enlargement. It was first used by Queen Victoria, and has since become the traditional spot for royal wedding kisses, Trooping the Colour appearances, and major national celebrations.
6. Has Buckingham Palace ever been bombed?
Yes – during World War II the palace was hit nine times by German bombs. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) famously refused to leave London, earning huge public admiration. A bomb even landed in the quadrangle in 1940 while the King and Queen were in residence.
7. When did the palace first open to the public?
The State Rooms were first opened to visitors in 1993 to help fund the restoration of Windsor Castle after the great fire of 1992. The Summer Opening has continued every year since (except during the pandemic) and now attracts over half a million visitors annually.
8. How many rooms does Buckingham Palace have?
The palace has 775 rooms: 19 State Rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. It also boasts 760 windows and 1,514 doors.
Palace Highlights
Discover the iconic State Rooms, stroll through the beautiful gardens, and explore the historic Royal Mews — each area offers a unique glimpse into the life and heritage of Buckingham Palace.